Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Great Departure :: Great Departure Essays

The Great Departure   Daniel Smith’s, The Great Departure delineates very well the United State’s development from a generally independent country to an interventionist country. WWI actually hauled the U.S. out of its neutralist shell and set the U.S. at the front line of universal governmental issues. The strain to join WWI was opposed extraordinarily by the Wilson organization and the nation in general. Smith works superbly at introducing the elements that affected the U.S. to enter the war and at passing on the attitude of American pioneers during this time and the issues they confronted relating to the war. The creator represents the elements of intrigue or the inevitable causes inclusion in WWI in parts II, III, IV. He offers valid statements to the issues and now I might want to talk about a portion of the issues he has referenced. Publicity was an apparatus utilized by Germany and the partners to impact the U.S., regardless of whether that purposeful publicity was utilized to keep the U.S. out of the war or to attempt to draw the U.S. into the war has no genuine effect. The degree of publicity in the U.S. is appeared by the Dr. Albert’s portfolio undertaking and the German execution of Nurse Edith Cavell and different monstrosities of war did by either side. The creator, while perceiving the significance of these promulgation stories and the heterogeneous culture of the U.S., thinks little of the genuine effect on open opinion it really had I feel. The U.S., "the incredible dissolving pot" had a gigantic foreigner populace, to belittle the impact of promulgation on a populace that had close to home connections to their country, and their capacity to impact the activities of government in a majority rule republic is a misstep. President Wilson was working under this suspicion that the individuals would impact the administration when he fail to acknowledge any of the Senator Lodge’s changes to the harmony arrangement. While I concur with Smith this isn't the explanation the U.S. joined the partners in WWI, I feel the heterogenous cosmetics of the U.S. populace is perhaps the significant impact the U.S. needed to move away from an independent state. Equalization of Powers was another extraordinary factor that affected the U.S. in its perspectives on WWI. The U.S. what's more, the world had come to depend on the standard of level of influence to guarantee harmony, security and exchange all through the world, and it was no uncertainty that a triumph by the Central Powers would sling Germany to superpower status and upset the perceived leverage in Europe and along these lines the remainder of the world.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement Free Essays

DNA has risen as an amazing wrongdoing battling instrument. DNA can possibly be the best wrongdoing illuminating instrument of the 21st century. DNA has been basic in comprehending a portion of the countries most genuine violations. We will compose a custom paper test on Portray How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now DNA examination is an amazing asset, in light of the fact that every individual DNA is interesting as a rule. DNA proof gathered from a wrongdoing scene can embroil or dispense with a suspect. It can likewise investigate unidentified stays through examinations with DNA from someone’s relative. Already, unsolvable cases, all the more frequently manslaughters and rapes, can contain DNA proof that will help distinguish the lawbreaker, despite the fact that the casualty can’t. At the point when proof from one wrongdoing scene is contrasted through the government DNA database and proof from another wrongdoing scene those violations can be connected to a similar individual locally, statewide, and broadly. Likewise, plants and creatures hold DNA, also. More up to date DNA examination procedures can yield results from natural proof that’s undetectable to an official. DNA investigation strategies likewise can have the option to help in the recognizable proof of missing people. DNA can be gotten from seriously corrupted examples, also. This has upgraded law requirement hugely. Without DNA proof, the vast majority could never be sentenced (DNAs Link to Corrections, n. . ). DNA will keep on progressing. Some foreseen propels are more extensive execution of the CODIS database, expanded robotized lab strategies, utilization of automated investigation, versatile gadgets fit for DNA examination and remote connects to databases and other criminal equity data administrations (DNA Evidence,n. d. ). Reference DNA Evidence: What Law Enforcement Should Know. (n. d. ). Recovered November 12, 2012 From: http://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles/jr000249c. pdj. DNA’s Link to Corretcions. (n. d. ). Recovered November 12, 2012 from: http://www. crimescene-Investigations. net/NIJ-DNALinkCorretcion. pdf. Step by step instructions to refer to Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement, Essays

Tuesday, August 11, 2020

The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia

The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia Phobias Types Print The Fear of Witchcraft or Wiccaphobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 19, 2019 Scott Olson / GettyImages More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Wiccaphobia, or fear of witchcraft, was once a societal norm throughout much of Christian Europe and the United States. The period from the 14th century Inquisition through the witch trials of the 17th century was known as the Burning Times, in which witchcraft was a capital offense tried through the courts. Today, pagans and witches have religious freedom in most countries  but fears remain. Modern Wiccaphobia may have a connection to xenophobia, or fear of those who are different, as well as religious concerns. Wiccaphobia in History The Burning Times began with the 1487 release of the Malleus Maleficarum  or Witches Hammer. The book detailed how to convict and kill a witch and was popular in Europe through the late 17th century. Fear of witches also carried over to the English colonies in North America, where witchcraft was considered a capital offense. The most famous witch hunts occurred in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, but a trial in Virginia brought the mass hysteria to light. In 1706, Grace Sherwood faced charges of witchcraft in Williamsburg, Virginia. Her trial, held at the dawn of the Age of Reason, brought to light the conflict between science and superstition. Witnesses testified that Grace caused ghosts to attack people, but the court was unconvinced by what it termed spectral evidence. Shortly after the trial, spectral evidence was officially banned from trials. What Caused the Burning Times? Witchcraft fever could be seen as a sort of mass hysteria. A deep misunderstanding of the nature of earth religions, coupled with plagues, droughts, and other hardships, likely led to the hysteria. As scientists began to make sense of the world around them, and education among the average population improved, the situation died down. Treatment During treatment, your therapist may want to explore the root of your fear and ask you questions, such as: Does your church teach that witchcraft is a sin, as many Evangelical Christian churches do?Are you afraid that you might be a witch, and if so, why?Do you believe that witches have the power to cause harm? If your fear is religious in nature, your therapist may want you to undergo spiritual counseling with your chosen religious leader in addition to or instead of traditional therapy. Xenophobia Some modern witchcraft fears have roots in xenophobia  or the fear of those who are different. If you lived in a small town, you may never have encountered someone who practices Wicca or another pagan religion. You may be afraid of their customs and practices or, more likely, the customs and practices that you assume they follow based on depictions in popular culture. Combating Wiccaphobia Although the earth-based religions are generally benign, they have been negatively depicted for more than 1,000 years. Wiccaphobia is generally complex, and may not be easy to treat. Successfully overcoming a deep-rooted fear of witchcraft requires an honest exploration of your own religious and philosophical background, personality, and childhood experiences. Look for an open-minded therapist who is willing to delve into your past and seek assistance from religious leaders. Research both ancient and modern-day earth-based religions, talk to those who practice those faiths and try to remain open-minded. Although you may never become fully comfortable with the practices of witchcraft, over time you can learn to overcome your fear.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

A Midsummer Night s Dream - 1094 Words

Jeana Jago Theater History J. Robideau October,1st 2015 A Midsummer Night’s Dream In a Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare story about romantic desire. Theseus and Hippolyta, are about to be married; both of them are wonderful figures from classical mythology. (Greek Mythology) Theseus is a great warrior, a kinsman of Hercules; Hippolyta is an Amazon warrior-woman, defeated in battle by Theseus. (Theseus and Hippolyta) He was longing for the wedding day, and this is what opens the play and closing the play with their exit marriage bed. (Theseus and Hippolyta). Within the world of Athens, two young men and two young woman. They sort themselves out into marriageable couples, but only after one triangle, with Hermia ate the peak, and†¦show more content†¦Bottom came into the woods with his companions to rehearse a play for Theseus and Hippolyta wedding. Bottom was turned into a donkey by Oberon’s companion Puck.(Sky minds) The love experience of Titania and Bottom is playing out of power, so that when the drops of magic have hit Titania eyes, when she wakes up she will fall in love with the first person that she sees, which ends up being Bottom. Finally, there is the tragic love story of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe,† that was written and staged by Bottom and his working companions. In this story love leads to suicide. (Sky minds) In this story there are two different worlds, Athens and the magical forest more known as the woods. Athens is where the story is set, the wood are what I like to call the farrie world. The wood is what is surrounding Athens. Athens is the real world where, they had a civilized government, because they had certain laws that you had to abide by. The woman didn’t have much control most of the woman stayed at home. Woman also didn’t always marry the man that they have fallen in love with. This is because Theseus had a say in who everyone married. (Athens) They had social classes, from who had money and who didn’t. Athenian society was broken into four main social classes - slaves, metics (non-citizen freepersons), women, and citizens, but within each of these broad classes were several sub-classes. (Social classes) The forest is a place for fun. To me it’s a place of power,

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Analytical Essay on Influence of the Internet

Analytical Essay on Influence of the Internet Influence of the Internet: More Harm than Good? Internet has already firmly established in the life of modern people. Practically no one can imagine their lives without it, whether they study, work, sit at home or travel around the world. The age when people start using it is on constant decrease, and I will not be surprised if I find out that my 10-year-old neighbor knows how to use it better than me. Although there are the tendencies I just described, there are certain people who consider this technology to be harmful and of no real good to people. Well, what can I say? Those who say so just don’t know what they are talking about, because if they did, they would understand that the advantages of Internet usage greatly outweigh the drawbacks it may sometimes have. First of all, Internet is a valuable source of information. Yes, people not so long ago succeeded to get education and be informed of the latest news without the web, but does it mean that we should stop using it for information purposes? I don’t think so. Previously people had to spend many hours in the libraries, writing and rewriting the necessary information. It took much time and nerves. Today all you have to do if you need some data is access it from your home, sitting in your favorite chair and maybe even listening to music. Isn’t it great? The opportunities it gives to students and all the people who like to be informed are just immense. Moreover, Internet allows communication with the most distant parts of the world. It made the world much smaller in terms of communication, which is really great. If provides vast opportunities for business and personal life. Today I just cannot imagine my

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Comparison/Contrast Essay Free Essays

Comparison/Contrast Essay Although both Clarice Lispector’s â€Å"The Smallest Woman in the World† and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s â€Å"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World† are magic realist stories showing the extreme sizes of two people, the stories depict differently how a society can react to a certain type of person. Through scenery and physical description, the authors show that different types of people can be loved or hated by a society. Marquez’s text starts off with children seeing a large being in the water. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison/Contrast Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The children think â€Å"it was an enemy ship† which can prove that the large size of a person can be very intimidating at first. Opposite to Marquez’s text, in Lispector’s text, the smallest woman is greeted with friendliness, she was immediately named by the French explorer. This can prove that the small size of the woman can be seen as less intimidating than a larger person. However, in both stories, the characters are suddenly treated differently once they have been displayed to a larger crowd. Once the seaweed is removed from the drowned man, the children start to play with the man and are less afraid of him. Also once the woman of the village see the man, they seem to fall madly in love with him. They treat him almost like a god. In contrast, in Lispector’s text the people that read the article about the smallest woman in the world, they seem to dislike the idea of her size. The townspeople want her to be their slave or their toy. I think that the difference in size can be seen in both a literal and figurative sense. Literally the large size of the man is what the woman see as a physical appeal to them while the small size of the woman is seen more a â€Å"creepy† or â€Å"strange† aspect of her appearance. However, I also believe that the size of the characters is used as symbolism. For example, we can see that the large size of the man could represent authority and power and this may be why the men of the village feel intimidated my him. It could also show that he is powerful or strong. The woman’s small size could be seen as weak or young. It also can be compared to a lack of importance or lack of influence. In the story we see that even the kids don’t seem to respect her. The characters race also has a role on the societies views. For example, they describe the woman as being a â€Å"as black as a monkey†, describing how she may be animal-like or treated as a beast. They see her as a primitive being. The fact that she is black may also be why some of the people in France don’t seem to respect her. Throughout history black people have been oppressed which is a theme the author added in. In Marquez’s text, the fact that the woman named the man as if they knew him, indicates that he was most likely of the same race as them. This is a fact that should be considered in why they feel a close bond with him. The authors also use setting to explain how the magical characters are treated. We can see that the man found from the ocean was treated better than the woman who was found in a dangerous part of an African forest. The woman of the town describe Esteban as † most peaceful †¦ man on earth† in which we can find similarities with how we describe the sea. Many people think of the sea to also be peaceful or serene, which is where the drowned man came from. On the contrary, the woman was treated in a negative fashion which could be partially because of where she came from. The woman came from â€Å"the depths of †¦ a jungle†. This can be seen as a dark and mysterious place which may insinuate why the people that read about her seem afraid or dislike her. Another difference between settings in the story is that in Marquez’s text, the town where the people discover the man seems to be a small village which isn’t the fact in Lispector’s text, which is the country of France. Perhaps the authors were trying to show that people that grow up in bigger towns have more of a biased view on the outside world while people that grow up in smaller cities are more open minded, which would explain the different views on the characters in the story. In conclusion, Lispector’s â€Å"The Smallest Woman in the World† and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s â€Å"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World† show how magic realist text are used to push the boundaries of fiction while explaining worldly views. Although both story depicts a magical character’s life, they show through physical description and setting that people can be treated differently. How to cite Comparison/Contrast Essay, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Criticising A Research

Question: Write an essay on The main focus of the criticising a research. Answer: The main focus of the criticising a research is to come up with ideas and plans and key points that the study is missing in order to develop its hold over a particular subject and develop its in the future which would help to use the outcomes of the study in future researches. The role of critiquing a research hence stands to be of immense importance. The present study will focus on developing a proper criticism on the subject of analysing Skilled General Migration Categories in Australia (Coghlan Brannick, 2014). The origin of the study was taken from the fact that the paradigm of the Australian labor force was undergoing a drastic change and the skilled migration was playing a key part in the development of labor force of Australia and in this scenario it was important to understand the role of General Skilled migration within the country. Since the skilled migrants have the potency to strengthen the Australian labor force it became highly important to evaluate the skilled general migration in Australia. In the given study various factors have been identified through which one could come to a conclusion that the study could have been much better or it could have serious positive impact if handled effectively (Denzin Lincoln, 2011). On the off chance it is also important to mention that success of a study highly depends upon its choice of objectives and it is extremely important to highlight in critique whether the choice of objectives taken for the study is in sync or not. The present study will take an opportunity to delve deep into the research study of the EVALUATION OF THE GENERAL SKILLED MIGRATION CATEGORIES and effectively pick out the flaws of the study to make it much more effective in the future researches if there are any (Payne, 2014). Evaluation and Discussion of the Major Issues Criticism of the pre-introductory and initial phase of the research There are different ways through which a research could be evaluated and understood whether its outcomes are valid or not and if yes then to what extent are they valid. A good title is always an added perk to the research. People can understand the motive of the research through the title and in this case it could be said that the researchers have done a commendable job in sketching out a name of this research that is EVALUATION OF THE GENERAL SKILLED MIGRATION CATEGORIES which would be done from the point of view of the Australian market (Thiollent, 2011). The title clearly sends a message about the research content as it will try to evaluate the general skilled migration categories staying in Australia. It is also important that the title has a clear cut connection with the research content that will help to justify the title chosen for the research. In this case it could be said that the choice of the research title have been effective and it is important to see how it can connect with the key aspects of the research when the research is taken forward (Silverman, 2013). First of all the initial part of the research containing the basic containing the basic illustration about GSM and point test is a good start of the research as it is not possible for everyone to have adequate and equal knowledge about the basic aspects of the migration topic. The initial part of the research has described the basic definition and functions of GSM and Point Test and it has also shed light on the classification of both the factors and also stated the basic objectives of both the factors as well (Coghlan Brannick, 2014). This pre-introductory phase of the research has given a brief but adequate basic introduction of the necessary processes for migration not only in Australia but also in any other nation across the world as well. Thus this initial illustration in the research about the basics of the considered context and topic gives an effective idea that what is going to be discussed in the following chapters (Payne, 2014). Providing the readers with a brief idea or overview regarding the research would have been much more helpful as it would have enabled the readers to understand the research topic in a much more detailed and effective manner. The researcher has missed out on this aspect as he/she has failed to provide with a brief overview or abstract in this research. Hence it could be said that the first part of the study could be further improved in order to provide the readers with the necessary urge to get engrossed in the study with much more enthusiasm and zeal (Thiollent, 2011). There are several questions that one critique has to keep in his or her mind while going through an article that would keep the investigation on track and will help the critique to play his or her part in the evaluation of the research. Since there is no abstract in the research it is very hard to understand whether the title has any connection with the study effectively or not and it could only be understood once ther e are ample elements gathered from the introduction part (Merrill West, 2009). The Abstract could have set a perfect platform for the viewers and the readers to understand what the research is all about and connect it effectively with the title to have a better understanding of the research study but as it is missing there is communication gap in the initial part of the study that can create an uninterested behavior of the viewers towards the study and it is recommended that the future researches include an abstract in the study (Dixon, 2009). Thus, it could be said that the initial pre-introductory of the research is good for a basic reader to realise the basic aspects of the considered research topic but the absence of the executive summary and abstract affects the overall utility of the initial section of the research. Addition of the executive summary and abstract in the research would have been more effective for giving a reader to give more specific idea about the process of the research. It could have been more effective for a reader to realise the basic aspects of the considered topic along with the most significant aspects and processes based on which the research has been conducted. The abstract and executive summary of a research gives a readers with the overview about some specific questions, such as what the research is all about? What are main focuses if the research? How it has been conducted? And what are the outcomes and concluded facts? (Silverman, 2013) However the absence of executive summary and abstract in the concerned research makes it tougher for a reader to have a brief idea about all above mentioned aspects which could cause confusing in the readers mind until he or she reaches up to the end of the research (Thiollent, 2011). Criticism of the introduction part The introduction part of the study is extremely compact in nature but what seems from the content is that the researcher has dealt with it in a generalised manner. The researcher has emphasised on reflecting the importance of general skilled migration from the point of view of Australian labor market. It was important for the researchers to keep in mind the bottom-line of the research which is showing the importance of evaluating the skilled general categories. It is known that a good introduction provides an effective platform for taking the study forward (Coghlan Brannick, 2014). The introduction provides the basis of the article which will help to design the article and focus on the laid objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop a strong hypothesis by evaluating the general skilled categories in Australia. Though there are no visible objectives given in the study but it could be said that the main objective of the study is to evaluate and find out the role of general ski lled categories in the Australian labor force. The introduction section of the study should have proper objectives that are relevant to study and should focus to answer relevant questions of the study that will help to complete the study effectively (Wodak, 2013). It is important to mention that the introduction of the research study in question doesnt have any objectives column or research question column and hence this part of the study is not clear. The introduction part of any study should sequentially reveal the purpose of the study which has been done partially as in the present study there are no clear objectives that has been framed to complete the research (Payne, 2014). The introduction section also defines the title of the study and in this case it could be said that the study has focused on defining the title of the study effectively. The introduction part provides a well balanced literature but the clear rationale of the study is missing. The purpose of the study is not stated with the introduction section and it could be said that this is a bit unconventional. This present research study has different purposes for different segments and doesnt have one common purpose to fulfill the study (Payne, 2014). It has to be said that intr oductions are extremely important for the development of a study effectively based on this but since the subject is a generic one there are no visible hypothesis framed for the study which is unusual for a research study. In the introduction part it is important to test the hypothesis of the study (Silverman, 2013). Since there are no significant hypothesis framed for the study it could be said that testing hypothesis has not been possible. Hence it could be said that even though the information provided in the introduction part in the study is relevant but the format of the study is not usual to the commonly adopted research frame. Thus, it can be clearly said that there are a lot of necessary improvements which must be done in this research in order to make it much more effective and reliable in nature. This will help the researcher to arrive at effective outcomes from the research. Hence it could be said that in the future researches it has to be kept in mind that the introductio n part will have to be kept precise, short and to the point which has not been done in this case (Sarantakos, 2012). Criticism of the research structure Another significant feature of the research is its formation and structure. The structure of the research is pretty effective and does not follow the conventional form of researches. Rather segmenting the research process based of different stages of the research conduction process the research has been segmented according to different aspects of the considered research topic and relevant contexts. The midsection of the research has been segmented based several significant aspects of the considered research topic, that is general skilled migration categories and system in Australia (Wodak, 2013). For example, the 1st segment of the research after the introduction (Description and Analysis of GSM Visas) has described the general aspects associated with the Australian Migration system and Point Criteria for different GSM segments. Thus, this section of the research gives a detailed overview of the GSM Visa system and procedure in Australia and including the description of the changing nature of the point criteria as well. Thus, this segment of the research generally describes the factors about the GSM Visa System and categories in Australia which would be evaluated in the next segments of the research (Coghlan Brannick, 2014). The next or 2nd segment in the middle phase of the research (Labour Market Outcomes of Points Tested Migrants) is also a significant phase of the research which provides the research with several of relevant and significant findings. This segment of the research contains significant data collected from various government surveys and researches related to the labour market outcomes of point tested migrates. A major part of the migrant visa or GSM system in most of the nations across the world is developed for gaining efficient workforce and industrial labour from other nations (Payne, 2014). This segment of the research has evaluated the GSM system, categories and point criteria in Australian migration system based on the detailed analysis of the survey and statistical data about the changing point criteria in Australia based on the changing industrial skill requirements. Another significant aspect which has been focused in this segment of the research is the necessity of English lang uage in the point criteria which significantly shed light on the visa allowance issues for people within the nation due to having inefficiency in English language (Andrews et al 2013). The third section in the middle phase of the research (Operational Issues in Skilled Migration) has focused on various survey data about the GSM migration in Australia related to the issues with the operation. This segment has of the research has evaluated the issues with the GSM Visa system and point criteria with the Australian migration system which is majorly focused at the purpose of the indentifying the constraints of the system for the applicants (Coghlan Brannick, 2014). The fourth segment (International Approaches to Skilled Migration) is the most effective segment of the research for evaluating the GSM categories in the Australian migration system as it has evaluated the GSM categories of the nation through comparing it with the migration system and GSM categories in various different and significant nations across the world (Sarantakos, 2012). Thus all these four segments in the middle phase of the research are effective for providing highly authentic and appropriate findings for this research but it has some significant constraints as well (Silverman, 2013). The literature about the research topic has been provides throughout the various segments of the research but a specified section regarding research review has been missed out by the researcher. There is a huge difference between literature and reviewing the available literature. The literature review part in a research gives a detailed overview of the most significant aspects related to the research topic. The researcher should have provided the literature review in a separate segment in this research. This would have enabled the researcher to understand the research gaps which are evident from the previous research in a better and effective manner. Although the pre-introductory part of the research has briefed about GSM categories and point criteria but it cannot be considered as an adequate literary illustration for giving a detailed overview of the significant aspects of the considered research topic (Payne, 2014). Apart from that, the research methodology part has been made quite brief and it could have been further elaborated in order to help the readers to understand the manner in which a research is carried out on a specific research topic. The research findings for the research have been achieved in the research through analysing the considered survey data in the four middle level chapters but the considered methodologies and data analysis process could have been discussed in a much more detailed manner (Wodak, 2013). Criticism of the research methodology When it comes on criticizing the methodology part of the research it is a bit confusing as the methodology part of the research has been explained in an ambiguous manner. There is scope for the researcher to make the methodology part more simple and structured in nature. The research findings have been gained in various different chapters in the middle phase of the research through analysing the considered research data but there are few segments which lack clarity and thus are unable to define the basic methodology of the research (Andrews et al 2013). First of all it should be mentioned that the research findings for the research have been majorly achieved through relying various significant data and survey reports published by the concerned Australian governmental authorities. The significant data sources which have been utilised and analysed for gaining the findings for this research are mentioned below, (Sarantakos, 2012) The longitudinal surveys of immigrants to Australia (LSIA 1 and 2) The recent DIMA survey of SDAS migrants The recent DIMA survey of former overseas students subsequently granted skilled Independent visas The forthcoming third longitudinal survey of Migration Program entrants (first wave data to be available in August 2005) All these significant data in the research has been analysed for gaining the research findings and appropriate evaluation of GRS categories in Australia. In this research, we have focused mainly on the quantitative data which has been gathered by organising a survey among the local population. There are various advantages of using quantitative research which we have tried to benefit from. It has helped us in testing the validity and reliability of the already available theories regarding the cause and the manner of the occurrence of a phenomenon. It helps us in testing the research hypothesis even before the collection of the data. The researcher is able to generalise the research findings based on random samples of sufficient size. The data obtained in this methods helps in undertaking quantitative predictions and the data collection can be done within a shorter span of time in a faster manner. The quantitative research methods help us to provide accurate numerical data thereby helping to make the data analysis much simpler and less time consuming. The quantitative research methods help in generating research results which are indepe ndent of the researcher. There are also some disadvantages which are associated with a quantitative research method. By utilising this method, the researcher has obtained knowledge which can be considered to be too generalised and abstract to be directly applicable to the local situations, context and specific population. The categories ustilised by the researcher may not highlight the understanding of the local population regarding the research topic. The theories utilised by the researcher could also fail to reflect the understanding of the local population. Moreover, the researcher can also neglect the occurrence of a phenomenon due to their excessive focus on testing the theory or hypothesis rather than generating a new theory or hypothesis. On the other hand the Australian GSM category and system has been compared with migration selection process in several other significant nations across the world for achieving better evaluation of the migrant selection process ad GSM categories in Australia. (Silverman, 2013). Four major survey reports about the migration selection process of Australia and detailed data about the migrant selection process in many other nations have been used in this research for achieving the desired findings. Thus, it should be mentioned that the research has been conducted on secondary basis. The secondary data which has been utilized in this research has been primarily been obtained from the works of reputed authors and scholars who have conducted their research on the same research topic in the recent past. Their works have been gathered from various sources such as the internet and the library where they are easily accessible in the form of books, articles, journals and blogs. The researcher has utilized the works of the previous researchers after review and analysing them in a thorough manner. The used secondary data sources is the most appropriate, authentic and reliable data sources for the research as these has been published by the government authorities which has effective access to the migration process across the nation (Wodak, 2013). All significant and important sources of information pertaining to this research have been mentioned in the research and none have been overlooked. The language utilized in this research is formal language which is easy for everyone to understand and is generally the norm in the professional fields. The researcher has utilised a few technical terms in this research in addition to the formal language so that it would be easy to understand for the readers. There are no jargon which have been utilised in this research and the research has been written in such a manner which suits the guidelines of an academic research. However, the researcher has missed out on providing a glossary of terms which has been utilised in this research. However, there are some constraints with the methodology of this research. One has been mentioned before that it could have been categorised in a proper way. The inclusion of primary data has really played a vital role in enhancing the reliability factor of the research (Sarantakos, 2012). A survey with the Australian migrants could have been more effective for providing this research with more accurate and reliable findings as the migrant selection process of the nation keeps changing from time to time die to general skill and industrial skill requirements and other governmental policies (Andrews et al 2013). Criticism of the concluding part The recommendations flow from an argued position and they justify the main objectives of the research. The argument provided in study has been sole base of giving the recommendations. The recommendation mainly emphasises on general skilled migration, its trends and statistics and the researchers mainly emphasise on the data received about skilled migration within Australia and abroad which justifies the recommendations provided. It could be said that the key change which could be done that is the choice of the methodology (Wodak, 2013). Given the above shortcomings in the research for instance gaps found in the literature and not entirely effective methodology, the outcomes of the research will be affected which means the results coming out of the research is neither highly accurate nor reliable. It is extremely important that the study is done effectively following a strong conceptual framework which would help to address the literature section effectively and also help to choose re search methods successfully that will ensure proper completion of the research. Hence it could be said that in order to get favorable outcomes from the research it is important to maintain an effective format (Andrews et al., 2013). The provided recommendations for the research are quite effective for the betterment of the migration selection process in Australia with a greater convenience for the migrants. Even the language of the research throughout is very decent and technical according to the basic standards and it is also a significant factor with the research (Sarantakos, 2012). However, a summary of the research findings should have been added in the conclusion for the better convenience of a reader. Whenever a person would want to view the findings of the research he or she would have to go through the entire research due to the absence of the summary section. A summary including the brief discussion about the final findings of the research would have been more effective for the research to ensure better convenience for a reader to overview of the findings wherever required (Wodak, 2013). Conclusion It could be concluded from the above criticism that the considered research is highly effective for realising the migrant selection process in Australia and also for evaluating the GSM categories within the nation as well. However, it has some of the constraints which have been mentioned in the above criticism specifically for different segment of the research. It could be expected that the recommended steps could be more effective for gaining more appropriate finings through conducting the same research with greater approaches (Andrews et al 2013). References Andrews, M., Squire, C., Tamboukou, M. (Eds.). (2013). Doing narrative research. Sage. Coghlan, D., Brannick, T. (2014). Doing action research in your own organization. Sage. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Sage. Dixon, R. (2009). Leo Model Professor, New School for Social Research, External Professor, Santa Fe Institute, US. Grix, J. (2010). The foundations of research. Palgrave Macmillan. McLaughlin, H. (2011). Understanding social work research. Sage. Merrill, B., West, L. (2009). Using biographical methods in social research. Sage. Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Palgrave Macmillan. Ryan-Nicholls, K., Will, C. (2009). Rigour in qualitative research: mechanisms for control: Qualitative researchers have been criticised for a perceived failure to demonstrate methodological rigour. Kimberley D Ryan-Nicholls and Constance I Will offer cautionary recommendations related to the mechanisms for control of methodological rigour in qualitative inquiry.Nurse researcher, 16(3), 70-85. Sarantakos, S. (2012). Social research. Palgrave Macmillan. Schutt, R. K. (2011). Investigating the social world: The process and practice of research. Pine Forge Press. Silverman, D. (2013). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited. Thiollent, M. (2011). Action Research and Participatory Research: An Overview. International Journal of Action Research, 7(2). Walliman, N. (2011). Your research project: Designing and planning your work. Sage Publications. Wodak, R. (2013). CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS1.

Friday, March 6, 2020

Capitalistic Imperialism the Formation of a New World Order - Germany 1870-1900

Capitalistic Imperialism the Formation of a New World Order - Germany 1870-1900 Germany was a method for the mix up of Africa, causing chaos by conservative, independent, and thought out imperialism. While France and Britain were timeless rivals, used to competing for land and power, the addition of a unified Germany broke the rules, giving France and Britain something to be scared about and therefore giving them the fear to colonize. Germany's desire to establish protectorates came from two schools of thought, both of which upset the balance of Europe. Finally, lacking any kind of established tradition, Germany was able to expand her influence how she wanted to.German imperialists argued that Britain's world power position gave the British unfair advantages on international markets. This limited Germany's economic growth and threatening security. European industrialists wanted to accelerate the Scramble for Africa, securing colonies before they strictly needed them. The thought that markets might soon become flooded, and a nation's economy can only survive if i t was able to offload its surplus products elsewhere.The Rhodes Colossus: Caricature of Cecil John Rhod...The sudden arrival of German imperialism in Africa was not something the dominant imperial powers, France and Britain, should have seen coming. After almost no imperialistic activity in 1884, Germany established the Cameroons, German South-west Africa, and New Guinea. Terrified that Germany was going to take over Africa the rest of Europe, Britain and French nationalist demanded more aggressive imperialism. By careful, conservative imperialism, Bismarck's Germany caused the emotionally driven scramble for Africa.Bismarck, uninterested in overseas adventures, was eventually brought to realize the value of colonies for securing new markets for German industry, the expansion for trade, and a new field for German activity. Planned threats to the markets and security included the expansion of the navy and doubling the size of Central Powers between the Franco-Prussian War and the Gre at War. German colonial efforts from 1884 brought...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Ethics even in the Worst Circumstances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics even in the Worst Circumstances - Essay Example This philosophy was clearly exemplified by one parent, a former FBI agent, who urged his son to turn himself in and face the legal consequences for the murders his son admittedly committed. The current essay aims to proffer pertinent issues that surround ethics even in the worst circumstances. A story written by the Associated Press and published in The Augusta Chronicle narrated the story of John Cook, a former FBI agent, who was faced with the confounding ethical dilemma of duty, prevailing on doing the right things, and respecting the moral law despite knowing that it is his son, Andrew Cook, who is to be convicted. The initial reaction for parents when children face challenges and trials in life is to be supportive and to provide whatever assistance is necessary. In this case, Andrew Cook committed murders of two university students, supposedly for no apparent reasons (Associated Press par. 11). When his father confronted him to determine the veracity of the allegations, Andrew admitted he murdered those students. Despite the pain and the initial natural response to protect his son from impending conviction, his concept of good will prevailed, consistent with Kant’s philosophy. The story clearly indicates that the concept of doing right, conformity to morality and legal rules, codes of conduct and proper behavior, is universal. Parents could not hide their children who erred from justice. In worst circumstances, no one could hide from the law: not even a former FBI agent could protect his son from the imposition of justice. In the end, justice will still

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Lit 8a Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lit 8a - Essay Example Many critics point out that Dr. Seuss’s characters have enjoyed the pleasure of life along with thrill in misbehaving. In his online article titled Dr. Seuss: American Icon, Philip Nel shares his own views about Dr Seuss’s works. He says, â€Å"His work was a rational insanity that exhibited joyous anarchy and a lifelong thrill in misbehaving.† (Nel). After reading these comments one can see that Dr. Seuss’s works are mainly for children. Many of his books provide strong moral messages example The Cat in the Hat and The Sneeches which discuss the stories of children. The article entitled Creating Drama with Poetry: Teaching English as a Second Language through Dramatization and Improvisation gives a brief summary of the relevance of dramatization and improvisation in second language classroom. There are different ways for adopting these methods in the class room. Dramatization of poetry helps the students to acquire the various aspects of language such as linguistic, syntactical and conceptual. There are several classroom techniques which are useful for teaching poetry. Giving the students model for pronunciation, stress, rhythm and expression is one. Motivate them to create conversation and interaction. To create workshops for drama in classroom is another important way Picture book is a short demonstration book, where the lessons to be taught are presented in the form of pictures. Picture books are highly helpful for children. These include alphabet books, books about different seasons, books about colors and counting books. Picture storybooks reveal a story with the help of suitable pictures and illustrations. Susan Hall gives enough clarifications about the definition of picture storybook. He says, â€Å"The words and pictures ideally share in revealing the story so that what is not said in the text is shown in illustration.† (Hall). The following storybooks are prescribed for children.

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Gender Discrimination Essay

Gender Discrimination Essay Introduction Gender inequality, or in other words, gender discrimination refers to unfair rights between male and female based on different gender roles which leads to unequal treatment in life. The term gender inequality has been widely known in human history but not until the beginning the 20th century has the transformation of gender relations become one of the most rapid, profound social changes (Wright Rogers 2009). And at the same time, the position of men and women were generally set. The growth of this situation has been obviously seen. According to a survey in America, females salary at work is 75% as low as males. Coming back to last century, at work, when men were paid 1 dollar, the amount that women received was just 58 cents, in accordance with the law in 1963 (Tran 2012) . And in Vietnam, gender inequality is shown in the difference between two genders in the number of babies. Statistics of Ministry of Planning Investment in 2010 reported that there were 110.6 new-born boys out of 100 new-born girls which was much higher than in the past. However, as a matter of fact, gender discrimination has made a big argument in society about whether the equality among genders should be encouraged or not. Regarding to this problem, American people seem to appreciate the position of women, meanwhile, the Chinese tend to think of higher power of men in life (Chang n.d.) Thus, this paper, with the purpose of reporting the current states of gender inequality, its impacts as well as the solutions to improve this trend, will give readers another look at this controversial problem. Discussion of findings What is gender inequality? Gender inequality is a social problem which causes unfair treatment in society between different genders. These dissimilarities are distinguished from biological factors, especially from differing reproductive roles in life (Reeves Baden 2000). This misperception comes originally from the wrong understanding about the position of each gender in life. Nowadays, the paradox that makes women suffer adversities and put women into unpleasant situation is seen in every angle of life. However, the method of gender discrimination in one place differs from that in others. For example, in workplace gender inequality accelerates when entering the job racing, not only the dissimilar salary, inequality at work is demonstrated through the differences between genders and the amount of money paid (Hsu 2012). In the aspect of education, in the past, men are prone to have more chances to go to school. Young women seemed to have fewer opportunities for higher education than young men (Dang 2008, p.25) Regarding to the reasons and the origin of gender inequality, it can be seen that Asia would be the place where gender discrimination has seemed to be a tradition. According to the General office for population family planning, the idea of distinguishing men from women came from the impacts of Confucianism and the awareness of people about life. Men were thought to have a duty of continuing the ancestral line. In that society, not having a son meant to be disrespectful towards the ancestor. Going on with this wrong conception, women are more likely to lose the role in community (Nguyen n.d.) How gender inequality affects lives? Initially, gender inequality has effects on the scale of population. According to statistics of the General office for population family planning (Nguyen n.d.), because of the discrimination of genders, the number of new-born boys and girls is unequal. To some people, the hope to have a son loses the balance between two genders. Unfortunately, this situation has occurred for such a long time, so the impacts of it in the population are rather huge. As report of Ministry of public health, it is estimated that, despite the attempt to reduce the fluctuation between the birth of boys and girls, in 2020 there will be 4.3 million men more than women. Minister of ministry of public health statement (cited in Phuong 2012), said that if this trend still keeps on going, it will lead to quite a few consequences in security and the order of society before marriage age of children because there will lack brides resulting from out-numbered new-born boys from girls. Now we can see an obvious consequ ence among the Chinese. According to a Blue Paper on Society released by the China Academy of Social Science, there will run short of brides in ten years because of severe gender imbalance among young people, particularly among under 19-aged people (Tang 2010). Secondly, the discrimination of genders leads to some problems in education. Education is an important tool, is the key to the growth of human. And no matter what gender a person is, he has right to expose to education like others. Chaudhry Rahman (2009 p.175), reported that there are many empirical evidences that, increase in female education improves human development outcomes such as child survival, health and schooling. However, lower female education had a negative impact on economic growth as it lowered the average level of human capital (Klasen 2002, cited in Chaudhry Rahman 2009, p.175). World Bank in 2001 stated that in almost all poor countries, there is a high trend of educational impacts of gender inequality. In poverty, girls are more likely to be influenced to approach education. Finally, economy is the field that is consequently affected, because there is a link between education and economy. The impact of gender inequality on economy is found through the number of male and female students in primary and secondary school which is negative (Barro and Lee (1994) and Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995), cited Stephan Klasen 1999, p.4). And they claimed that a large gap in male and female schooling may signify backwardness and may therefore be associated with lower economic growth( Barro and Lee (1994) and Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995)). And lets take China- a country which is famous for strong gender imbalance all over the world- as an example of modeling the impact of gender imbalances on economic performance (Golley Tyers 2012). As mentioned earlier, China is facing a lack of brides 10 years to go and this trend leads to the problems of women purchasing crime. Especially men in poor provinces now are exposing to marriage market and this situation makes the black market of selling wife on the rise, said the deputy director of the China Population Association- Tian Xueyuan (cited Tang 2010). Another economic impact of gender discrimination is unequal wages among male and female. According to Yang Juhua, a professor with Renmin University, the wages of women is much lower than mens despite the same level of position (cited Tang 2010). Tang also mentioned the chances to get a job of women are smaller and there is more likelihood of being refused on applying for jobs. How to solve this problem? Ninety-three years ago, people in some places in the world first officially celebrated the International womens day. In ninety three years, there have been a lot of changes made in terms of changing attitudes of people about the inequality of genders. Nowadays we are living in a developed world which is contributed by both men and female so why female have to suffer such that inequality which they dont deserve to? Generally speaking, this kind of inequality has existed for a long time and in every area of the world, no matter where it is (Chang n.d.). Now its time for the world together make this out-of-date conception fade away. To some extent, the Nobel Committee stated that we cannot reach democracy and peace unless we wouldnt give equal rights and chances for women have. For the sake of making economic recovery, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton claimed that promoting women to participate in economy and increasing their productivity is the key to economic growth because it will create an effect on the competitiveness and growth of our economies. (cited Sharma Keefe 2011). In the relationship between economy and education, people cannot underestimate the importance of education. To flourish the economy system, people have to make an effort on schooling. Regarding to the solutions to this, setting up gender-sensitive schools is a crucial step in making a nice environment for learning and teaching. Helping female feel more confident in studying, improving a gender-sensitive curriculum which reflects national policy on gender equality to instruct is also necessary (Clarke 2005, p.11) Conclusion From all the discussing above, gender inequality is obviously an urgent problem in the world. Despite the fact that its volume much decreases, it still exists and makes a lot of people suffer its consequences every day. And there are many reasons leading to gender discrimination which cannot be solved easily. However, with education and progressive thoughts of people, there are also reasons to trust in the future of gender inequality being stopped. Then, hopefully, people can live in fairness no matter what gender they are.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Physics And Engineering In I.T. Power Management Essay

The cost of energy continues to increase with shrinking in corporate budgets and need for more energy input. At times like this, even IT industry is affected and the stakeholders are starting to look for new ways of cutting down the cost as they keep the quality of work high and efficiency maximized. Implementation of a good energy policy in an organization’s premises can lead to reduced costs of ICT infrastructural costs in terms of capital required in setting up servers and cooling systems. If the right energy saving and proper utilization habits are adopted and effective construction and installation ideas implemented in natural air flow optimization and proper heat insulation can lead to less cooling facilities requirements, cutting on costs (Greenguard, 2009). Efforts of energy conservation in IT infrastructure have been initiated through: †¢ Technologies like PoE (Power over internet) and midspans; this is a technology that enables gadgets like phones to receive power together with data through the Ethernet connection. Midspans are stand alone gadgets that are used to interface the Ethernet switch with the power sources for optimized power distribution to the ports as required. †¢ Implementation of Smart energy and lighting technology in huge company premises with many workers using ICT equipments. †¢ Efforts of IEEE-the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, to set standards for manufacturers of electronic and electrical gadgets (IEEE 802. 3-at) to ensure optimized energy utilization at the design level. †¢ IT technology in energy auditing and virtualization of power management †¢ Use of Integrated circuits (ICs) to control magnetic and pulse width modulators for external power connection in devices. †¢ Use of Power Source Equipment (PSE) and Power Devices (PD) in network classification during powering of new connections to ensure only PoE connections are powered in wireless and telecom devices. Electrical Power With the introduction of Power over Ethernet (PoE), many electronic devices that work in direct connection with computers through Ethernet cables have shifted from use of external power cables to reception of power together with data on the Ethernet connection. The (IEEE) has established some standards (IEEE 802. 3-at) for such technology, contributing to encouraging the manufactures of electrical and electronic products to contribute in efforts of making ICT infrastructure environment friendly, through less energy consumption. This is a strategy which if adopted can lead to very improved efficiency in power delivery in devices’ interconnection. The manufacturers of such devices, for example Texas Instruments’, are manufacturing devices with power capabilities of choosing either to use PoE or switch to standard mode when the option is not available. This is in the effort to become compliant with the IEEE 802. 3-at. Even when PoE is a better option than external cables, a more detailed power saving strategy can be applied through use of midspans, which interface the switches with power sources, injecting power to the ports using way much better technology and hence more efficient. Such consciousness is needed in order to contribute to the overall infrastructure. According to (Conner, 2008), for the manufacturers of the gadgets, the design of PoE can contribute to making of smaller boards and reduce the cost of inputs on large scale. The technology shift there in the physics of electronic gadgets is the replacement of impedance power reduction through dissipation with the magnetic and switching methods in pulse width modulators, controlled through ICs. In efforts to increase power efficiency, the cost of production is also bound to reduce in the long run. The application of PSEs and PDs in network in power control centers gives an option to do power budgets and determine the proper management strategies to be applied. These are such refined levels of control that give the way to streamline and generally control power use. With the current state of globalization in online business, the ICT infrastructure has grown to very complex networks, especially with emergent of mobile devices. Power systems for these networks are as huge as the extents of the networks while management is done manually at physical points of contact. The samples provided in the cases of Highmark and the University of Minnesota (Greenguard, 2009) form a small part of the global business ICT infrastructure that interact with the environment. Educating people/employees A huge effort should go to changing the habits of power use in a working environment. The employees can too contribute to the efforts of a greener ICT infrastructure by ensuring proper use of power. Switching off devices when not in use can help accumulate huge power savings with time. This is not a common thing in most IT departments and will take the initiative of the management to organist fro training of the power users on good use of energy sources. When organization becomes too huge with thousands of employees, energy efficiency becomes a major issue. Such a high number of users of the infrastructure can accumulate a high energy demand and proper management for cost effective and sustainable operation. An example of such a firm is the Highmark with 11000 employees. Energy Computations and Software Virtualization Right from the Physics hardware, the availability of interfacing in ports control to enable remote power on and power off (Ronen, 2009) in PoE makes complex networks manageable. In the Highmark case the Company strategized on extra careful management method on using software technology like energy auditing tools and virtualization as well as new technology in smart energy and lighting systems (Greenguard, 2009). According to the report, there has been increase in need for organizations to use power consuming ICT infrastructure with new technologies to do business as compared to the traditional methods. This has led to ratings of about â€Å"61 billion kilowatt-hours in 2006† by data centers (Greenguard, 2009). The figures could even increase with more ICT use, alarming the corporate to strategize on conservation and efficiency. Owing to this, there have been numerous instances of application of IT solution in power management. Highmark installed a system for collecting rain water and using it in a datacenter cooling system and virtualized the servers to monitor PC usage by employees. This strategy helped adopt the method of remote powering down of equipment not in use, to minimize wastage. The company consulted with IBM to do computations of server spacing for maximum utilization of cooling systems. It appears clearly that many organizations have massive equipments powered up even when not in use because of poor management policy. From these results, it is important to carry each of these computation and software analysis methods with weigh while considering efforts to manage such massive data infrastructures. In many cases, the companies rely on employees to be reliable in implementing the energy conservation policies but even that cannot be enough. If software methods are used to monitor use of powered resources and power them down remotely, a great deal of energy could be saved. A perfect example here is the IT organization of the University of Minnesota which could â€Å"switch off about 25,000 devices each night† (Greenguard, 2009). Conclusion The IT infrastructure comprises of billions of gadgets that use electrical power to operate and network equipment to keep them connected. Power consumption is therefore starts from a single device’s design and connection to the system and spans to the networking level. The physical electronic power consumption can be managed and through standardization methods such as those by IEEE. It is at such low levels that interaction with the environment can be analyzed and energy consumption optimized. The physical arrangement of power consuming data facilities is also of significance importance as clogging them closely together reduces the ability of natural air flow to take care of cooling done by electrical motors in fans. The relationship between IT and these physical sciences is so direct when it comes to practical application fields. The application of software power computation, management and control also helps ICT fit into the practical idea of conservation and greener infrastructure. From the cases analyzed, there is enough evidence that application of technology from the physics and engineering of devices and systems, software tools and ICT infrastructure can be managed in away that can lead to more environment friendly use. References Conner, M. (2008). PoE for high-powered applications. Electronics Weekly, (2263), 18 Retrieved from: http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=cph&AN=36122010&loginpage=Login. asp&site=ehost-live Sani Ronen, (2009) Midspans for next-gen PoE,An inside look at technologies and standards, Tech update, Available: www. networkworld. com Samuel Greengard, (2009), Building an Energy-Efficient IT Infrastructure, Baseline Magazine Available: http://www. baselinemag. com

Friday, January 10, 2020

Ansel Adams life and two analysis of his photographs Essay

Ansel Adams was born February 20, 1902, in San Francisco, California. Ansel took an interest in music at an early age. He taught himself how to play the piano and enjoyed the surroundings of nature. In 1916, he and his parents went on a trip to Yosemite National Park where he received his first camera, the Kodak Box Brownie. His first photographs recorded their vacation. Ansel fell in love with Yosemite National Park and would return every summer. He worked four summers as the caretaker of the park’s club headquarters. During this time, he became an expert mountaineer and conservationist and gained vast of experience as a landscape photographer. Ansel struggled between two professions, photography and music. In 1920, he decided to become a concert pianist. For seven years he gave piano lessons and concerts. After viewing Paul Strand’s wonderful work, Adams decided to switch careers to photography. A short time later, he joined â€Å"f/64†, a group dedicated to the concept of photography that looked like photography, not like an imitation of other art forms. Ansel stands as one of America’s greatest landscape photographers. His career was punctuated with countless elegant, handsomely composed, and technically flawless photographs of outstanding natural landscapes. His strength as an artist is largely attributed to his diligent investigation of the methods of photography, developing a careful darkroom technique of exposure and development he called the Zone System. In each of his images, Adams aimed to vary the range of tones from rich black to whitest white in order to achieve perfect photographic clarity. His reputation has been firmly established by exhibitions in virtually every major American art museum, three Guggenheim Fellowships and a score of publications. One of Ansel’s landscape photographs is Forest of Aspen. Forest of Aspen is an excellent example of chiaroscuro. The focal point is the tree on the left side that looks as if it is illuminated by the sun. Ansel was good at producing black and white photographs that had the whitest whites all the way to pitch black. The tree is a bright white while the rest of the photograph is a variety of grays and blacks. There are several skinny tree trunks behind the bright tree extending to the top and width of the photograph. Some grey leaves can be seen at the vary top of the photograph making the bright tree look like a younger tree. Between the skinny tree  trunks there is black space. The skinny tree trunks are a variety of grays starting from light gray to black as they retreat out of sight. Just to the left of the bright tree there is another tree a bit smaller. This tree isn’t bright, but rather a light gray. Small gray and black shrubbery occupies the lower portion of th e photograph. When looking at this photograph, one wonders how the sun seems to shine only on the small tree located on the left. Another photograph taken by Ansel Adams is Moonrise, CA 1966. This is another example of chiaroscuro. This photograph is looking at the campus of UC Berkeley and the sky. The top of the photo till midway is pitch black. Then in the middle but a little to the left is a small white circle which is the moon. Below the moon is a small section of sky that is still lit up. This section of sky contains scattered clouds. Under the skyline there are silhouettes of several buildings and trees. Some of the buildings details can be seen while others are black. The lower section of the photo is hard to make out. There appears to be a car in the lower right section indicating a possible parking lot. This photo shows excellent representation of the transforming sky from day to night. Ansel captured this transformation in mid-form. The sky contains both the pitch black night sky and the bright white sky with scattered clouds. Ansel Adams was a man who loved photography. He showed this love through countless studies he did with photography. No one could print his negatives the same way he could. Ansel was the best black and white photographer of his time. The ranges of black and white he could print were outstanding. I thought the film that we watched was very dry and dull but the photographs that Ansel Adams took were amazing. He truly was an artist. I have worked a little bit with black and white photography and the variety of color he got from his negatives was truly incredible. I have respect for Ansel because he loved photography. He showed this love through his photographs; and when he died in 1984, he arranged for all his photographs and negatives to go to the University of Arizona. Now his negatives can be observed and even reprinted to help the study of photography continue. This shows that he was a very giving person. He did whatever he could to help advance photography. He even  tested and pro moted the Polaroid Land camera, which he sent over 3,000 memos to Polaroid. Ansel Adams was dedicated to photography.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Roman Lares, Larvae, Lemures, and Manes

The ancient Romans believed that after death their souls became spirits or shades of the dead. There is some debate about the nature of Roman shades or spirits (aka ghosts). The theologian Augustine Bishop of Hippo (A.D. 354 - 430), who died when Vandals attacked Roman Africa, wrote about the Roman shades a few centuries after most of the literary, pagan Latin references to such spirits. Horace (65-8 B.C.) Epistles 2.2.209:​nocturnos lemures portentaque Thessala rides?)Do you laugh at dreams, miracles, magical terrors,Witches, ghosts in the night, and Thessalian portents?Kline translationOvid (43 B.C.-A.D. 17/18) Fasti 5.421ff:ritus erit veteris, nocturna Lemuria, sacri:inferias tacitis manibus illa dabunt.It will be the ancient sacred rites of the Lemuria,When we make offerings to the voiceless spirits. (Note that Constantine, the first Christian emperor of Rome died in 337.) St. Augustine on the Spirits of the Dead: Lemures and Demon: [Plotinus (3rd century A.D.)] says, indeed, that the souls of men are demons, and that men become Lares if they are good, Lemures or Larvae if they are bad, and Manes if it is uncertain whether they deserve well or ill. Who does not see at a glance that this is a mere whirlpool sucking men to moral destruction? For, however wicked men have been, if they suppose they shall become Larvae or divine Manes, they will become the worse the more love they have for inflicting injury; for, as the Larvae are hurtful demons made out of wicked men, these men must suppose that after death they will be invoked with sacrifices and divine honors that they may inflict injuries. But this question we must not pursue. He also states that the blessed are called in Greek eudaimones, because they are good souls, that is to say, good demons, confirming his opinion that the souls of men are demons. From Chapter 11. City of God, by St. Augustine, Augustine says there were the following different types of spirits of the dead: Lares if good,Lemures (larvae) if evil, andManes if indeterminate. Another Interpretation of the Lemures - Haunting Spirits: Instead of being evil spirits, the lemures (larvae) may have been souls that could find no rest because, having met with a violent or premature death, they were unhappy. They wandered among the living, haunting people and driving them to madness. This corresponds with modern tales about the ghosts in haunted houses. Lemuria - Festivals to Placate the Lemures: No sane Roman wanted to be haunted, so they held ceremonies to satisfy the spirits. The lemures (larvae) were propitiated during the 9-day festival in May named Lemuria after them. At the Parentalia or Feralia on the 18th and 21st of February, living descendants shared a meal with the benevolent spirits of their ancestral (manes or di parentes). Ovid (43 B.C. – A.D. 17) on the Lemures and Manes: Almost four centuries before the Christian St. Augustine wrote about pagan beliefs in shades, the Romans were honoring their ancestors and writing about the ceremonies. At the time, there was already uncertainty about the origins of placating festivals. In Ovids Fasti 5.422, the Manes and Lemures are synonymous and both hostile, in need of exorcism via the Lemuria. Ovid incorrectly derives the Lemuria from Remuria, saying it was to placate Remus, the brother of Romulus. Larvae and Lemures: Usually considered the same, not all ancient authors considered the Larvae and Lemures identical. In the Apocolocyntosis 9.3 (about the deification of  Emperor Claudius, attributed to Seneca) and Plinys Natural History, Larvae are tormentors of the dead. Manes: The Manes (in the plural) were originally good spirits. Their name was usually placed with the word for gods, di, as in Di manes. Manes came to be used for the ghosts of individuals. The first writer to do so is Julius and Augustus Caesars contemporary Cicero (106 - 43 B.C.). Reference: Aeneas and the Demands of the Dead, by Kristina P. Nielson. The Classical Journal, Vol. 79, No. 3. (Feb. - Mar. 1984). Also see Aeneid in the Realm of Hades Odysseus in the Underworld - Nekuia Ovid Fasti 5.421ff Judgment of the Dead in the Egyptian Afterlife Lemures and Larvae, by George Thaniel The American Journal of Philology. Vol. 94, No. 2 (Summer, 1973), pp. 182-187